{"info":"OnThisDay API","date":"January_1","updated":"1634085530","data":{"Events":[ {"text":"0153 BC – For the first time, Roman consuls begin their year in office on January 1.[1]","html":"0153 BC – For the first time, Roman consuls begin their year in office on January 1.","links":{"0":{"0":"153 BC","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/153_BC","2":"153 BC"},"1":{"0":"Roman consuls","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_consul","2":"Roman consuls"}}},{"text":"0045 BC – The Julian calendar takes effect as the civil calendar of the Roman Empire, establishing January 1 as the new date of the new year.[2]","html":"0045 BC – The Julian calendar takes effect as the civil calendar of the Roman Empire, establishing January 1 as the new date of the new year.","links":{"0":{"0":"45 BC","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/45_BC","2":"45 BC"},"1":{"0":"Julian calendar","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar","2":"Julian calendar"}}},{"text":"0042 BC – The Roman Senate posthumously deifies Julius Caesar.[3]","html":"0042 BC – The Roman Senate posthumously deifies Julius Caesar.","links":{"0":{"0":"42 BC","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/42_BC","2":"42 BC"},"1":{"0":"Roman Senate","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Senate","2":"Roman Senate"},"2":{"0":"deifies","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Apotheosis","2":"deifies"},"3":{"0":"Julius Caesar","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar","2":"Julius Caesar"}}},{"text":"0193 – The Senate chooses Pertinax against his will to succeed Commodus as Roman emperor.[4]","html":"0193 – The Senate chooses Pertinax against his will to succeed Commodus as Roman emperor.","links":{"0":{"0":"193","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/193","2":"193"},"1":{"0":"Pertinax","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertinax","2":"Pertinax"},"2":{"0":"Commodus","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodus","2":"Commodus"},"3":{"0":"Roman emperor","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_emperor","2":"Roman emperor"}}},{"text":"0404 – Saint Telemachus tries to stop a gladiatorial fight in a Roman amphitheatre, and is stoned to death by the crowd. This act impresses the Christian Emperor Honorius, who issues a historic ban on gladiatorial fights.[5]","html":"0404 – Saint Telemachus tries to stop a gladiatorial fight in a Roman amphitheatre, and is stoned to death by the crowd. 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Francis, Duke of Brittany, succeeds to the French throne following the death of his father-in-law, Louis XII.","links":{"0":{"0":"1515","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1515","2":"1515"},"1":{"0":"Francis, Duke of Brittany","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_I_of_France","2":"Francis, Duke of Brittany"},"2":{"0":"French throne","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs","2":"French throne"},"3":{"0":"Louis XII","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XII_of_France","2":"Louis XII"}}},{"text":"1527 – Croatian nobles elect Ferdinand I of Austria as King of Croatia in the Parliament on Cetin.[14]","html":"1527 – Croatian nobles elect Ferdinand I of Austria as King of Croatia in the Parliament on Cetin.","links":{"0":{"0":"1527","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1527","2":"1527"},"1":{"0":"Ferdinand I","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor","2":"Ferdinand I"},"2":{"0":"King of 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Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier.","links":{"0":{"0":"1739","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1739","2":"1739"},"1":{"0":"Bouvet Island","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouvet_Island","2":"Bouvet Island"},"2":{"0":"Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Charles_Bouvet_de_Lozier","2":"Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier"}}},{"text":"1772 – The first traveler's cheques, which could be used in 90 European cities, are issued by the London Credit Exchange Company.[21]","html":"1772 – The first traveler's cheques, which could be used in 90 European cities, are issued by the London Credit Exchange Company.","links":{"0":{"0":"1772","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1772","2":"1772"},"1":{"0":"traveler's cheques","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveler%27s_cheque","2":"traveler's cheques"}}},{"text":"1773 – The hymn that became known as \"Amazing Grace\", then titled \"1 Chronicles 17:16–17\", is first used to accompany a sermon led by John 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legislative union of Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland is completed, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland is proclaimed.","links":{"0":{"0":"1801","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1801","2":"1801"},"1":{"0":"Kingdom of Great Britain","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain","2":"Kingdom of Great Britain"},"2":{"0":"Kingdom of Ireland","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland","2":"Kingdom of Ireland"},"3":{"0":"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland","2":"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"}}},{"text":"1801 – Ceres, the largest and first known object in the Asteroid belt, is discovered by Giuseppe Piazzi.[28]","html":"1801 – Ceres, the largest and first known object in the Asteroid belt, is discovered by Giuseppe Piazzi.","links":{"0":{"0":"Ceres","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)","2":"Ceres"},"1":{"0":"Asteroid 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Haiti becomes the first black-majority republic and second independent country in North America after the United States.[29]","html":"1804 – French rule ends in Haiti. 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America comes into existence, creating the largest Lutheran denomination in the United States.[86]","html":"1988 – The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America comes into existence, creating the largest Lutheran denomination in the United States.","links":{"0":{"0":"1988","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1988","2":"1988"},"1":{"0":"Evangelical Lutheran Church in America","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America","2":"Evangelical Lutheran Church in America"},"2":{"0":"Lutheran","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheranism","2":"Lutheran"},"3":{"0":"denomination","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_denomination","2":"denomination"}}},{"text":"1989 – The Montreal Protocol comes into force, stopping the use of chemicals contributing to ozone depletion.[87]","html":"1989 – The Montreal Protocol comes into force, stopping the use of chemicals contributing to ozone 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waves.[93]","html":"1995 – The Draupner wave in the North Sea in Norway is detected, confirming the existence of freak waves.","links":{"0":{"0":"Draupner wave","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Draupner_wave","2":"Draupner wave"},"1":{"0":"North Sea","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sea","2":"North Sea"},"2":{"0":"Norway","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway","2":"Norway"},"3":{"0":"freak waves","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogue_wave","2":"freak waves"}}},{"text":"1995 – Austria, Finland and Sweden join the EU.[94]","html":"1995 – Austria, Finland and Sweden join the EU.","links":{"0":{"0":"Austria","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria","2":"Austria"},"1":{"0":"Finland","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland","2":"Finland"},"2":{"0":"Sweden","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden","2":"Sweden"},"3":{"0":"join the EU","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1995_enlargement_of_the_European_Union","2":"join the EU"}}},{"text":"1998 – Following a currency reform, Russia begins to circulate new rubles to stem inflation and promote confidence.[95]","html":"1998 – Following a currency reform, Russia begins to circulate new rubles to stem inflation and promote confidence.","links":{"0":{"0":"1998","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1998","2":"1998"},"1":{"0":"currency reform","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Monetary_reform_in_Russia,_1998","2":"currency reform"},"2":{"0":"rubles","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_ruble","2":"rubles"},"3":{"0":"inflation","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation","2":"inflation"}}},{"text":"1999 – Euro currency is introduced in 11 member nations of the European Union (with the exception of the United Kingdom, Denmark, Greece and Sweden; Greece adopts the euro two years later).[96]","html":"1999 – Euro currency is introduced in 11 member nations of the European Union (with the exception of the United Kingdom, Denmark, Greece and Sweden; Greece adopts the euro two years 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Indonesia, killing all 102 people on board.[99]","html":"2007 – Adam Air Flight 574 breaks apart in mid-air and crashes near the Makassar Strait, Indonesia, killing all 102 people on board.","links":{"0":{"0":"Adam Air Flight 574","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Air_Flight_574","2":"Adam Air Flight 574"},"1":{"0":"Makassar Strait","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Makassar_Strait","2":"Makassar Strait"},"2":{"0":"Indonesia","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia","2":"Indonesia"}}},{"text":"2009 – Sixty-six people die in a nightclub fire in Bangkok, Thailand.[100]","html":"2009 – Sixty-six people die in a nightclub fire in Bangkok, Thailand.","links":{"0":{"0":"2009","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2009","2":"2009"},"1":{"0":"nightclub fire","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Santika_Club_fire","2":"nightclub fire"},"2":{"0":"Bangkok, Thailand","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok","2":"Bangkok, Thailand"}}},{"text":"2010 – A suicide car bomber detonates at a volleyball 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1780)[120]","html":"1714 – Kristijonas Donelaitis, Lithuanian pastor and poet (d. 1780)","links":{"0":{"0":"Kristijonas Donelaitis","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristijonas_Donelaitis","2":"Kristijonas Donelaitis"}}},{"text":"1735 – Paul Revere, American silversmith and engraver (d. 1818)[121]","html":"1735 – Paul Revere, American silversmith and engraver (d. 1818)","links":{"0":{"0":"1735","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1735","2":"1735"},"1":{"0":"Paul Revere","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Revere","2":"Paul Revere"}}},{"text":"1745 – Anthony Wayne, American general and politician (d. 1796)[122]","html":"1745 – Anthony Wayne, American general and politician (d. 1796)","links":{"0":{"0":"1745","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1745","2":"1745"},"1":{"0":"Anthony Wayne","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Wayne","2":"Anthony Wayne"}}},{"text":"1752 – Betsy Ross, American seamstress, credited with designing the Flag of the United States (d. 1836)[123]","html":"1752 – Betsy 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Emily Dickinson (d. 1874)[128]","html":"1803 – Edward Dickinson, American politician and father of poet Emily Dickinson (d. 1874)","links":{"0":{"0":"1803","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1803","2":"1803"},"1":{"0":"Edward Dickinson","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Dickinson","2":"Edward Dickinson"},"2":{"0":"Emily Dickinson","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Dickinson","2":"Emily Dickinson"}}},{"text":"1806 – Lionel Kieseritzky, Estonian-French chess player (d. 1853)[129]","html":"1806 – Lionel Kieseritzky, Estonian-French chess player (d. 1853)","links":{"0":{"0":"1806","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1806","2":"1806"},"1":{"0":"Lionel Kieseritzky","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Kieseritzky","2":"Lionel Kieseritzky"}}},{"text":"1809 – Achille Guenée, French lawyer and entomologist (d. 1880)[130]","html":"1809 – Achille Guenée, French lawyer and entomologist (d. 1880)","links":{"0":{"0":"1809","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1809","2":"1809"},"1":{"0":"Achille 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M. Forster, English author and playwright (d. 1970)[157]","html":"1879 – E. M. Forster, English author and playwright (d. 1970)","links":{"0":{"0":"1879","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1879","2":"1879"},"1":{"0":"E. M. Forster","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/E._M._Forster","2":"E. M. Forster"}}},{"text":"1879 – William Fox, Hungarian-American screenwriter and producer, founded the Fox Film Corporation and Fox Theatres (d. 1952)[158]","html":"1879 – William Fox, Hungarian-American screenwriter and producer, founded the Fox Film Corporation and Fox Theatres (d. 1952)","links":{"0":{"0":"William Fox","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Fox_(producer)","2":"William Fox"},"1":{"0":"Fox Film Corporation","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_Film_Corporation","2":"Fox Film Corporation"},"2":{"0":"Fox Theatres","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_Theatres","2":"Fox Theatres"}}},{"text":"1883 – William J. Donovan, American general, lawyer, and politician (d. 1959)[159]","html":"1883 – William J. Donovan, American general, lawyer, and politician (d. 1959)","links":{"0":{"0":"1883","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1883","2":"1883"},"1":{"0":"William J. Donovan","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._Donovan","2":"William J. 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producer, and screenwriter (d. 1971)[185]","html":"1911 – Basil Dearden, English director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1971)","links":{"0":{"0":"Basil Dearden","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil_Dearden","2":"Basil Dearden"}}},{"text":"1911 – Hank Greenberg, American baseball player (d. 1986)[186]","html":"1911 – Hank Greenberg, American baseball player (d. 1986)","links":{"0":{"0":"Hank Greenberg","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Greenberg","2":"Hank Greenberg"}}},{"text":"1911 – Roman Totenberg, Polish-American violinist and educator (d. 2012)[187]","html":"1911 – Roman Totenberg, Polish-American violinist and educator (d. 2012)","links":{"0":{"0":"Roman Totenberg","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Totenberg","2":"Roman Totenberg"}}},{"text":"1912 – Boris Vladimirovich Gnedenko, Russian mathematician and historian (d. 1995)","html":"1912 – Boris Vladimirovich Gnedenko, Russian mathematician and historian (d. 1995)","links":{"0":{"0":"1912","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1912","2":"1912"},"1":{"0":"Boris Vladimirovich Gnedenko","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Vladimirovich_Gnedenko","2":"Boris Vladimirovich Gnedenko"}}},{"text":"1912 – Kim Philby, British spy (d. 1988)[188]","html":"1912 – Kim Philby, British spy (d. 1988)","links":{"0":{"0":"Kim Philby","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Philby","2":"Kim Philby"}}},{"text":"1912 – Nikiforos Vrettakos, Greek poet and academic (d. 1991)[189]","html":"1912 – Nikiforos Vrettakos, Greek poet and academic (d. 1991)","links":{"0":{"0":"Nikiforos Vrettakos","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikiforos_Vrettakos","2":"Nikiforos Vrettakos"}}},{"text":"1914 – Noor Inayat Khan, British SOE agent (d. 1944)[190]","html":"1914 – Noor Inayat Khan, British SOE agent (d. 1944)","links":{"0":{"0":"1914","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1914","2":"1914"},"1":{"0":"Noor Inayat Khan","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Noor_Inayat_Khan","2":"Noor Inayat 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D. Salinger, American soldier and author (d. 2010)[197]","html":"1919 – J. D. Salinger, American soldier and author (d. 2010)","links":{"0":{"0":"J. D. Salinger","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger","2":"J. D. 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(d. 1967)[219]","html":"1933 – Joe Orton, English dramatist (d. 1967)","links":{"0":{"0":"Joe Orton","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Orton","2":"Joe Orton"}}},{"text":"1934 – Alan Berg, American lawyer and radio host (d. 1984)[220]","html":"1934 – Alan Berg, American lawyer and radio host (d. 1984)","links":{"0":{"0":"1934","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1934","2":"1934"},"1":{"0":"Alan Berg","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Berg","2":"Alan Berg"}}},{"text":"1934 – Lakhdar Brahimi, Algerian politician, Algerian Minister of Foreign Affairs[221]","html":"1934 – Lakhdar Brahimi, Algerian politician, Algerian Minister of Foreign Affairs","links":{"0":{"0":"Lakhdar Brahimi","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakhdar_Brahimi","2":"Lakhdar Brahimi"},"1":{"0":"Algerian Minister of Foreign Affairs","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Algeria)","2":"Algerian Minister of Foreign Affairs"}}},{"text":"1935 – Om Prakash Chautala, Indian politician[222]","html":"1935 – 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guitarist[231]","html":"1942 – Country Joe McDonald, American singer-songwriter and guitarist","links":{"0":{"0":"Country Joe McDonald","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_Joe_McDonald","2":"Country Joe McDonald"}}},{"text":"1942 – Alassane Ouattara, Ivorian economist and politician, President of the Ivory Coast[232]","html":"1942 – Alassane Ouattara, Ivorian economist and politician, President of the Ivory Coast","links":{"0":{"0":"Alassane Ouattara","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Alassane_Ouattara","2":"Alassane Ouattara"},"1":{"0":"President of the Ivory Coast","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Ivory_Coast","2":"President of the Ivory Coast"}}},{"text":"1942 – Gennadi Sarafanov, Russian pilot and cosmonaut (d. 2005)[233]","html":"1942 – Gennadi Sarafanov, Russian pilot and cosmonaut (d. 2005)","links":{"0":{"0":"Gennadi Sarafanov","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Gennadi_Sarafanov","2":"Gennadi Sarafanov"}}},{"text":"1943 – Don Novello, American comedian, screenwriter and producer[234]","html":"1943 – Don Novello, American comedian, screenwriter and producer","links":{"0":{"0":"1943","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1943","2":"1943"},"1":{"0":"Don Novello","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Novello","2":"Don Novello"}}},{"text":"1943 – Tony Knowles, American soldier and politician, 7th Governor of Alaska[235]","html":"1943 – Tony Knowles, American soldier and politician, 7th Governor of Alaska","links":{"0":{"0":"Tony Knowles","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Knowles_(politician)","2":"Tony Knowles"},"1":{"0":"Governor of Alaska","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Alaska","2":"Governor of Alaska"}}},{"text":"1943 – Vladimir Šeks, Croatian lawyer and politician, 16th Speaker of the Croatian Parliament[236]","html":"1943 – Vladimir Šeks, Croatian lawyer and politician, 16th Speaker of the Croatian Parliament","links":{"0":{"0":"Vladimir \u0160eks","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_%C5%A0eks","2":"Vladimir 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(d.2020)","html":"1944 – Zafarullah Khan Jamali, Pakistani field hockey player and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Pakistan (d.2020)","links":{"0":{"0":"Zafarullah Khan Jamali","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Zafarullah_Khan_Jamali","2":"Zafarullah Khan Jamali"},"1":{"0":"Prime Minister of Pakistan","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan","2":"Prime Minister of Pakistan"}}},{"text":"1944 – Teresa Torańska, Polish journalist and author (d. 2013)[239]","html":"1944 – Teresa Torańska, Polish journalist and author (d. 2013)","links":{"0":{"0":"Teresa Tora\u0144ska","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Teresa_Tora%C5%84ska","2":"Teresa Tora\u0144ska"}}},{"text":"1944 – Mati Unt, Estonian author, playwright, and director (d. 2005)[240]","html":"1944 – Mati Unt, Estonian author, playwright, and director (d. 2005)","links":{"0":{"0":"Mati Unt","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Mati_Unt","2":"Mati Unt"}}},{"text":"1945 – Jacky Ickx, Belgian racing driver[241]","html":"1945 – Jacky Ickx, Belgian racing driver","links":{"0":{"0":"1945","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1945","2":"1945"},"1":{"0":"Jacky Ickx","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacky_Ickx","2":"Jacky Ickx"}}},{"text":"1945 – Victor Ashe, American politician and former United States Ambassador to Poland[242]","html":"1945 – Victor Ashe, American politician and former United States Ambassador to Poland","links":{"0":{"0":"Victor Ashe","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Ashe","2":"Victor Ashe"}}},{"text":"1946 – Claude Steele, American social psychologist and academic[243]","html":"1946 – Claude Steele, American social psychologist and academic","links":{"0":{"0":"1946","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1946","2":"1946"},"1":{"0":"Claude Steele","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Steele","2":"Claude Steele"}}},{"text":"1946 – Rivellino, Brazilian footballer and manager[244]","html":"1946 – Rivellino, Brazilian footballer and 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Karun, Indian director and cinematographer[252]","html":"1952 – Shaji N. Karun, Indian director and cinematographer","links":{"0":{"0":"1952","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1952","2":"1952"},"1":{"0":"Shaji N. Karun","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaji_N._Karun","2":"Shaji N. 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the Comoros[267]","html":"1959 – Azali Assoumani, Comorian colonel and politician, President of the Comoros","links":{"0":{"0":"Azali Assoumani","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani","2":"Azali Assoumani"},"1":{"0":"President of the Comoros","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Comoros","2":"President of the Comoros"}}},{"text":"1959 – Panagiotis Giannakis, Greek basketball player and coach[268]","html":"1959 – Panagiotis Giannakis, Greek basketball player and coach","links":{"0":{"0":"Panagiotis Giannakis","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Panagiotis_Giannakis","2":"Panagiotis Giannakis"}}},{"text":"1961 – Sam Backo, Australian rugby league player[269]","html":"1961 – Sam Backo, Australian rugby league player","links":{"0":{"0":"1961","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1961","2":"1961"},"1":{"0":"Sam Backo","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Backo","2":"Sam Backo"}}},{"text":"1962 – Anton Muscatelli, Italian-Scottish economist and 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Ukrainian mathematician and physicist (b. 1801)[338][339]","html":"1862 – Mikhail Ostrogradsky, Ukrainian mathematician and physicist (b. 1801)","links":{"0":{"0":"1862","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1862","2":"1862"},"1":{"0":"Mikhail Ostrogradsky","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Ostrogradsky","2":"Mikhail Ostrogradsky"}}},{"text":"1881 – Louis Auguste Blanqui, French activist (b. 1805)[340]","html":"1881 – Louis Auguste Blanqui, French activist (b. 1805)","links":{"0":{"0":"1881","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1881","2":"1881"},"1":{"0":"Louis Auguste Blanqui","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Blanqui","2":"Louis Auguste Blanqui"}}},{"text":"1892 – Roswell B. Mason, American lawyer and politician, 25th Mayor of Chicago (b. 1805)[341]","html":"1892 – Roswell B. Mason, American lawyer and politician, 25th Mayor of Chicago (b. 1805)","links":{"0":{"0":"1892","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1892","2":"1892"},"1":{"0":"Roswell B. Mason","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Roswell_B._Mason","2":"Roswell B. 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Scottish-Australian farmer and politician, 11th Premier of Queensland (b. 1833)[344]","html":"1906 – Hugh Nelson, Scottish-Australian farmer and politician, 11th Premier of Queensland (b. 1833)","links":{"0":{"0":"1906","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1906","2":"1906"},"1":{"0":"Hugh Nelson","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Nelson_(Australian_politician)","2":"Hugh Nelson"},"2":{"0":"Premier of Queensland","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_Queensland","2":"Premier of Queensland"}}},{"text":"1918 – William Wilfred Campbell, Canadian poet and author (b. 1858)[345]","html":"1918 – William Wilfred Campbell, Canadian poet and author (b. 1858)","links":{"0":{"0":"1918","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1918","2":"1918"},"1":{"0":"William Wilfred Campbell","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Wilfred_Campbell","2":"William Wilfred Campbell"}}},{"text":"1921 – Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, German lawyer and politician, 5th Chancellor of Germany (b. 1856)[346]","html":"1921 – Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, German lawyer and politician, 5th Chancellor of Germany (b. 1856)","links":{"0":{"0":"1921","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1921","2":"1921"},"1":{"0":"Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobald_von_Bethmann-Hollweg","2":"Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg"},"2":{"0":"Chancellor of Germany","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany","2":"Chancellor of Germany"}}},{"text":"1929 – Mustafa Necati, Turkish civil servant and politician, Turkish Minister of Environment and Urban Planning (b. 1894)[347]","html":"1929 – Mustafa Necati, Turkish civil servant and politician, Turkish Minister of Environment and Urban Planning (b. 1894)","links":{"0":{"0":"1929","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1929","2":"1929"},"1":{"0":"Mustafa Necati","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Necati","2":"Mustafa Necati"},"2":{"0":"Turkish Minister of Environment and Urban 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1890)","links":{"0":{"0":"1954","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1954","2":"1954"},"1":{"0":"Duff Cooper","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Duff_Cooper","2":"Duff Cooper"},"2":{"0":"Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster","2":"Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster"}}},{"text":"1954 – Leonard Bacon, American poet and critic (b. 1887)[355]","html":"1954 – Leonard Bacon, American poet and critic (b. 1887)","links":{"0":{"0":"Leonard Bacon","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Bacon_(poet)","2":"Leonard Bacon"}}},{"text":"1955 – Arthur C. Parker, American archaeologist and historian (b. 1881)[356]","html":"1955 – Arthur C. Parker, American archaeologist and historian (b. 1881)","links":{"0":{"0":"1955","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1955","2":"1955"},"1":{"0":"Arthur C. Parker","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_C._Parker","2":"Arthur C. 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MacLane, American actor, playwright and screenwriter (b. 1902)","links":{"0":{"0":"1969","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1969","2":"1969"},"1":{"0":"Barton MacLane","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Barton_MacLane","2":"Barton MacLane"}}},{"text":"1971 – Amphilochius of Pochayiv, Ukrainian saint (b. 1894)[360]","html":"1971 – Amphilochius of Pochayiv, Ukrainian saint (b. 1894)","links":{"0":{"0":"1971","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1971","2":"1971"},"1":{"0":"Amphilochius of Pochayiv","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphilochius_of_Pochayiv","2":"Amphilochius of Pochayiv"}}},{"text":"1972 – Maurice Chevalier, French actor and singer (b. 1888)[361]","html":"1972 – Maurice Chevalier, French actor and singer (b. 1888)","links":{"0":{"0":"1972","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1972","2":"1972"},"1":{"0":"Maurice Chevalier","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier","2":"Maurice Chevalier"}}},{"text":"1978 – Carle Hessay, German-Canadian painter (b. 1911)[362]","html":"1978 – Carle Hessay, German-Canadian painter (b. 1911)","links":{"0":{"0":"1978","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1978","2":"1978"},"1":{"0":"Carle Hessay","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Carle_Hessay","2":"Carle Hessay"}}},{"text":"1980 – Pietro Nenni, Italian journalist and politician, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1891)[363]","html":"1980 – Pietro Nenni, Italian journalist and politician, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1891)","links":{"0":{"0":"1980","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1980","2":"1980"},"1":{"0":"Pietro Nenni","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro_Nenni","2":"Pietro Nenni"},"2":{"0":"Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs","2":"Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs"}}},{"text":"1981 – Hephzibah Menuhin, American-Australian pianist (b. 1920)[364]","html":"1981 – Hephzibah Menuhin, American-Australian pianist (b. 1920)","links":{"0":{"0":"1981","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1981","2":"1981"},"1":{"0":"Hephzibah Menuhin","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Hephzibah_Menuhin","2":"Hephzibah Menuhin"}}},{"text":"1982 – Victor Buono, American actor (b. 1938)[365]","html":"1982 – Victor Buono, American actor (b. 1938)","links":{"0":{"0":"1982","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1982","2":"1982"},"1":{"0":"Victor Buono","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Buono","2":"Victor Buono"}}},{"text":"1984 – Alexis Korner, French-English singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1928)[366]","html":"1984 – Alexis Korner, French-English singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1928)","links":{"0":{"0":"1984","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1984","2":"1984"},"1":{"0":"Alexis Korner","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_Korner","2":"Alexis Korner"}}},{"text":"1992 – Grace Hopper, American computer scientist and admiral, co-developed COBOL (b. 1906)[367]","html":"1992 – Grace Hopper, American computer scientist and admiral, co-developed COBOL (b. 1906)","links":{"0":{"0":"1992","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1992","2":"1992"},"1":{"0":"Grace Hopper","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Hopper","2":"Grace Hopper"},"2":{"0":"COBOL","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL","2":"COBOL"}}},{"text":"1994 – Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt, New Zealand physician and politician, 11th Governor-General of New Zealand (b. 1900)[368]","html":"1994 – Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt, New Zealand physician and politician, 11th Governor-General of New Zealand (b. 1900)","links":{"0":{"0":"1994","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1994","2":"1994"},"1":{"0":"Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Porritt,_Baron_Porritt","2":"Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt"},"2":{"0":"Governor-General of New Zealand","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand","2":"Governor-General of New Zealand"}}},{"text":"1994 – Cesar Romero, American actor (b. 1907)[369]","html":"1994 – Cesar Romero, American actor (b. 1907)","links":{"0":{"0":"Cesar Romero","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesar_Romero","2":"Cesar Romero"}}},{"text":"1994 – Edward Arthur Thompson, Irish historian and academic (b. 1914)[370]","html":"1994 – Edward Arthur Thompson, Irish historian and academic (b. 1914)","links":{"0":{"0":"Edward Arthur Thompson","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Arthur_Thompson","2":"Edward Arthur Thompson"}}},{"text":"1995 – Eugene Wigner, Hungarian-American physicist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)[371]","html":"1995 – Eugene Wigner, Hungarian-American physicist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)","links":{"0":{"0":"1995","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1995","2":"1995"},"1":{"0":"Eugene Wigner","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Wigner","2":"Eugene Wigner"},"2":{"0":"Nobel Prize","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics","2":"Nobel Prize"}}},{"text":"1996 – Arleigh Burke, American admiral (b. 1901)[372]","html":"1996 – Arleigh Burke, American admiral (b. 1901)","links":{"0":{"0":"1996","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1996","2":"1996"},"1":{"0":"Arleigh Burke","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Arleigh_Burke","2":"Arleigh Burke"}}},{"text":"1996 – Arthur Rudolph, German-American engineer (b. 1906)[373]","html":"1996 – Arthur Rudolph, German-American engineer (b. 1906)","links":{"0":{"0":"Arthur Rudolph","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Rudolph","2":"Arthur Rudolph"}}},{"text":"1997 – Townes Van Zandt, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1944)[374]","html":"1997 – Townes Van Zandt, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1944)","links":{"0":{"0":"1997","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1997","2":"1997"},"1":{"0":"Townes Van Zandt","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Townes_Van_Zandt","2":"Townes Van Zandt"}}},{"text":"1998 – Helen Wills, American tennis player and coach (b. 1905)[375]","html":"1998 – Helen Wills, American tennis player and coach (b. 1905)","links":{"0":{"0":"1998","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1998","2":"1998"},"1":{"0":"Helen Wills","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Wills","2":"Helen Wills"}}},{"text":"2001 – Ray Walston, American actor (b. 1914)[376]","html":"2001 – Ray Walston, American actor (b. 1914)","links":{"0":{"0":"2001","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2001","2":"2001"},"1":{"0":"Ray Walston","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Walston","2":"Ray Walston"}}},{"text":"2002 – Julia Phillips, American film producer and author (b. 1944)[377]","html":"2002 – Julia Phillips, American film producer and author (b. 1944)","links":{"0":{"0":"2002","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2002","2":"2002"},"1":{"0":"Julia Phillips","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Phillips","2":"Julia Phillips"}}},{"text":"2003 – Joe Foss, American soldier, pilot, and politician, 20th Governor of South Dakota (b. 1915)[378]","html":"2003 – Joe Foss, American soldier, pilot, and politician, 20th Governor of South Dakota (b. 1915)","links":{"0":{"0":"2003","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2003","2":"2003"},"1":{"0":"Joe Foss","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Foss","2":"Joe Foss"},"2":{"0":"Governor of South Dakota","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_South_Dakota","2":"Governor of South Dakota"}}},{"text":"2005 – Shirley Chisholm, American educator and politician (b. 1924)[379]","html":"2005 – Shirley Chisholm, American educator and politician (b. 1924)","links":{"0":{"0":"2005","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2005","2":"2005"},"1":{"0":"Shirley Chisholm","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm","2":"Shirley Chisholm"}}},{"text":"2006 – Harry Magdoff, American economist and journalist (b. 1913)[380]","html":"2006 – Harry Magdoff, American economist and journalist (b. 1913)","links":{"0":{"0":"2006","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2006","2":"2006"},"1":{"0":"Harry Magdoff","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Magdoff","2":"Harry Magdoff"}}},{"text":"2007 – Roland Levinsky, South African-English biochemist and academic (b. 1943)[381]","html":"2007 – Roland Levinsky, South African-English biochemist and academic (b. 1943)","links":{"0":{"0":"2007","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2007","2":"2007"},"1":{"0":"Roland Levinsky","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Levinsky","2":"Roland Levinsky"}}},{"text":"2007 – Tillie Olsen, American short story writer (b. 1912)[382]","html":"2007 – Tillie Olsen, American short story writer (b. 1912)","links":{"0":{"0":"Tillie Olsen","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillie_Olsen","2":"Tillie Olsen"}}},{"text":"2008 – Pratap Chandra Chunder, Indian educator and politician (b. 1919)[383]","html":"2008 – Pratap Chandra Chunder, Indian educator and politician (b. 1919)","links":{"0":{"0":"2008","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2008","2":"2008"},"1":{"0":"Pratap Chandra Chunder","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratap_Chandra_Chunder","2":"Pratap Chandra Chunder"}}},{"text":"2009 – Claiborne Pell, American politician (b. 1918)[384]","html":"2009 – Claiborne Pell, American politician (b. 1918)","links":{"0":{"0":"2009","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2009","2":"2009"},"1":{"0":"Claiborne Pell","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Claiborne_Pell","2":"Claiborne Pell"}}},{"text":"2010 – Lhasa de Sela, American-Mexican singer-songwriter (b. 1972)[385]","html":"2010 – Lhasa de Sela, American-Mexican singer-songwriter (b. 1972)","links":{"0":{"0":"2010","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2010","2":"2010"},"1":{"0":"Lhasa de Sela","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhasa_de_Sela","2":"Lhasa de Sela"}}},{"text":"2012 – Kiro Gligorov, Bulgarian-Macedonian lawyer and politician, 1st President of the Republic of Macedonia (b. 1917)[386]","html":"2012 – Kiro Gligorov, Bulgarian-Macedonian lawyer and politician, 1st President of the Republic of Macedonia (b. 1917)","links":{"0":{"0":"2012","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2012","2":"2012"},"1":{"0":"Kiro Gligorov","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiro_Gligorov","2":"Kiro 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Mgimwa","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Mgimwa","2":"William Mgimwa"},"1":{"0":"Tanzanian Minister of Finance","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(Tanzania)","2":"Tanzanian Minister of Finance"}}},{"text":"2014 – Juanita Moore, American actress (b. 1914)[393]","html":"2014 – Juanita Moore, American actress (b. 1914)","links":{"0":{"0":"Juanita Moore","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Juanita_Moore","2":"Juanita Moore"}}},{"text":"2015 – Mario Cuomo, American lawyer and politician, 52nd Governor of New York (b. 1932)[394]","html":"2015 – Mario Cuomo, American lawyer and politician, 52nd Governor of New York (b. 1932)","links":{"0":{"0":"2015","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2015","2":"2015"},"1":{"0":"Mario Cuomo","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Cuomo","2":"Mario Cuomo"},"2":{"0":"Governor of New York","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_New_York","2":"Governor of New York"}}},{"text":"2015 – Donna Douglas, American actress (b. 1932)[395]","html":"2015 – Donna Douglas, American actress (b. 1932)","links":{"0":{"0":"Donna Douglas","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Donna_Douglas","2":"Donna Douglas"}}},{"text":"2015 – Omar Karami, Lebanese lawyer and politician, 58th Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1934)[396]","html":"2015 – Omar Karami, Lebanese lawyer and politician, 58th Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1934)","links":{"0":{"0":"Omar Karami","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Karami","2":"Omar Karami"},"1":{"0":"Prime Minister of Lebanon","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lebanon","2":"Prime Minister of Lebanon"}}},{"text":"2015 – Boris Morukov, Russian physician and astronaut (b. 1950)[397]","html":"2015 – Boris Morukov, Russian physician and astronaut (b. 1950)","links":{"0":{"0":"Boris Morukov","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Morukov","2":"Boris Morukov"}}},{"text":"2016 – Fazu Aliyeva, Russian poet and journalist (b. 1932)[398]","html":"2016 – Fazu Aliyeva, Russian poet and journalist (b. 1932)","links":{"0":{"0":"2016","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2016","2":"2016"},"1":{"0":"Fazu Aliyeva","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazu_Aliyeva","2":"Fazu Aliyeva"}}},{"text":"2016 – Dale Bumpers, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 38th Governor of Arkansas (b. 1925)[399]","html":"2016 – Dale Bumpers, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 38th Governor of Arkansas (b. 1925)","links":{"0":{"0":"Dale Bumpers","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Bumpers","2":"Dale Bumpers"},"1":{"0":"Governor of Arkansas","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Arkansas","2":"Governor of Arkansas"}}},{"text":"2016 – Vilmos Zsigmond, Hungarian-American cinematographer and producer (b. 1930)[400]","html":"2016 – Vilmos Zsigmond, Hungarian-American cinematographer and producer (b. 1930)","links":{"0":{"0":"Vilmos Zsigmond","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilmos_Zsigmond","2":"Vilmos Zsigmond"}}},{"text":"2017 – Tony Atkinson, British economist (b. 1944)[401]","html":"2017 – Tony Atkinson, British economist (b. 1944)","links":{"0":{"0":"2017","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2017","2":"2017"},"1":{"0":"Tony Atkinson","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Atkinson","2":"Tony Atkinson"}}},{"text":"2017 – Yvon Dupuis, Canadian politician (b. 1926)[402]","html":"2017 – Yvon Dupuis, Canadian politician (b. 1926)","links":{"0":{"0":"Yvon Dupuis","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvon_Dupuis","2":"Yvon Dupuis"}}},{"text":"2017 – Derek Parfit, British philosopher (b. 1942)[403]","html":"2017 – Derek Parfit, British philosopher (b. 1942)","links":{"0":{"0":"Derek Parfit","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Parfit","2":"Derek Parfit"}}},{"text":"2018 – Robert Mann, American violinist (b. 1920)[404]","html":"2018 – Robert Mann, American violinist (b. 1920)","links":{"0":{"0":"2018","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2018","2":"2018"},"1":{"0":"Robert Mann","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mann","2":"Robert Mann"}}},{"text":"2019 – Paul Neville, Australian politician (b. 1940)[405]","html":"2019 – Paul Neville, Australian politician (b. 1940)","links":{"0":{"0":"2019","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2019","2":"2019"},"1":{"0":"Paul Neville","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Neville_(politician)","2":"Paul Neville"}}},{"text":"2019 – Pegi Young, American singer, songwriter, environmentalist, educator and philanthropist (b. 1952) [406]","html":"2019 – Pegi Young, American singer, songwriter, environmentalist, educator and philanthropist (b. 1952) ","links":{"0":{"0":"Pegi Young","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegi_Young","2":"Pegi Young"},"1":{"0":"1952","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1952","2":"1952"}}},{"text":"2020 – Alexander Frater, British travel writer and journalist (b. 1937)[407]","html":"2020 – Alexander Frater, British travel writer and journalist (b. 1937)","links":{"0":{"0":"2020","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2020","2":"2020"},"1":{"0":"Alexander Frater","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Frater","2":"Alexander 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